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<i class='fas fa-caret-right ms-1'></i></div><div id=sidebar-toc class="hidden md:block overflow-y-auto mx-6 md:mx-0 pe-6 pt-2 md:max-h-doc-sidebar bg-primary-bg md:bg-transparent"><div class="flex flex-wrap ms-4 -me-2 p-2 bg-secondary-bg md:bg-primary-bg rounded"><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/>汇编语言</a></div><ul class=ps-6><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/18/>11.9 ~ 11.11</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/17/>11.7 ~ 11.9</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/16/>11.1 ~ 11.6</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/15/>10.8 ~ 10.12</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/14/>10.1 ~ 10.7</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/13/>9.7 ~ 9.9</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/12/>9.1 ~ 9.6</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/11/>8.5 ~ 8.9</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/10/>8.1</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/9/>7.1 ~ 7.10</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/8/>6.1 ~ 6.3</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/7/>5.1 ~ 5.4</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/6/>4.1 ~ 4.9</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/5/>3.6 ~ 3.10</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class="text-eureka hover:text-eureka" href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/4/>3.1 ~ 3.5</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/3/>2.8 ~ 2.12</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/2/>1.11 ~ 2.6</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/1/>1.1 ~ 1.10</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="w-full md:w-3/4 lg:w-4/5 pb-8 pt-2 md:pt-8"><div class=flex><div class="w-full lg:w-3/4 px-6"><article class=prose><h1 class=mb-4>3.1 ~ 3.5</h1><div class="text-tertiary-text not-prose mt-2 flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center"><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fas fa-calendar me-1"></i>
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<span id=busuanzi_value_page_pv><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span> Hits</div></div><p>  《汇编语言（第3版）》3.1 ~ 3.5、《零基础入门学习汇编语言》P13 ~ 15</p><h2 id=第三章-寄存器内存访问>第三章 寄存器（内存访问）</h2><h3 id=31-内存中字的存储>3.1 内存中字的存储</h3><p>  任何两个地址连续的内存单元，N 号单元和 N+1 号单元，可以将它们看成两个内存单元，也可以看成一个地址为 N 的子单元中的高位字节单元和低位字节单元。</p><h3 id=32-ds-和-address>3.2 DS 和 address</h3><p>  CPU 要读取一个内存单元的时候，必须先给出这个内存单元的地址；</p><p>  在 8086 PC 中，内存地址由段地址和偏移地址组成。</p><p>  8086 CPU 中有一个 DS 寄存器，通常用来存放要访问的数据的段地址。</p><p>  已知的 mov 指令可完成的两种传送功能</p><pre><code class=language-x86asm>mov ax,2     # 将数据直接送入寄存器；
mov bx,ax     # 将一个寄存器中的内容送入另一个寄存器中
</code></pre><p>  除此之外，mov 指令还可以将一个内存单元中的内容送入一个寄存器。</p><p>  例如：我们要读取 10000H 单元的内容可以用如下程序段进行</p><pre><code class=language-x86asm>mov bx,1000H
mov ds,bx
mov al,[0]     # mov 指令的格式：mov 寄存器名,内存单元地址，“[…]”表示一个内存单元，“[…]”中的 0 表示内存单元的偏移地址
</code></pre><p>  上面三条指令将 10000H（1000:0）中的数据读到 al 中。</p><p>  执行指令时，8086 CPU 自动取 DS 中的数据为内存的单元的段地址。</p><p>  用 mov 指令从 1000H 中读取数据</p><ol><li>10000H 表示为 1000:0（段地址:偏移地址）</li><li>将段地址 1000H 放入 ds</li><li>用 mov al,[0] 完成传送（mov 指令中的 [] 说明操作对象是一个内存单元，[] 中的 0 说明这个内存单元的偏移地址是 0，它的段地址默认放在 ds 中）</li></ol><p>  8086 CPU <strong>不支持</strong><del>将数据直接送入段寄存器</del>的操作，ds 是一个段寄存器。（硬件设计问题）</p><blockquote><p>数据 → 通用寄存器 → 段寄存器，<strong>不能</strong><del>直接将数据送入段寄存器</del></p></blockquote><p>  将数据从寄存器送入内存单元</p><pre><code class=language-x86asm>mov bx,1000H
mov ds,bx
mov [0],al
</code></pre><h3 id=33-字的传送>3.3 字的传送</h3><p>  因为 8086 CPU 是 16 位结构，有 16 根数据线，所以可以一次性传送 16 位的数据，也就是一次性传送一个字。</p><h3 id=34-movaddsub-指令>3.4 mov、add、sub 指令</h3><p>  已学 mov 指令的几种形式</p><pre><code class=language-x86asm>mov ax,6     # mov 寄存器,数据
mov bx,ax     # mov 寄存器,寄存器
mov ax,[0]     # mov 寄存器,内存单元
mov [0],ax     # mov 内存单元,寄存器
mov ds,ax     # mov 段寄存器,寄存器
mov ax,ds     # mov 寄存器,段寄存器
</code></pre><p>  add 和 sub 指令同 mov 一样，都有两个操作对象</p><pre><code class=language-x86asm>add ax,8     # add 寄存器,数据
add ax,bx     # add 寄存器,寄存器
add ax,[0]     # add 寄存器,内存单元
add [0],ax     # add 内存单元,寄存器
sub ax,9     # sub 寄存器,数据
sub ax,bx     # sub 寄存器,寄存器
sub ax,[0]     # sub 寄存器,内存单元
sub [0],ax     # sub 内存单元,寄存器
</code></pre><h3 id=35-数据段>3.5 数据段</h3><p>  将一段内存当作数据段，是我们在编程时的一种安排，我们可以在具体操作的时候，用 ds 存放数据段的段地址，再根据需要，用相关指令访问数据段中的具体单元。</p><p>  我们将 123B0H~123BAH 的内存单元定义为数据段，我们现在要累加这个数据段中的前 3 个单元中的数据，代码如下</p><pre><code class=language-x86asm>mov ax,123BH
mov ds,ax     # 将 123BH 送入 ds 中，作为数据段的段地址。
mov al,0     # 用 al 存放累加结果
add al,[0]     # 将数据段第一个单元（偏移地址为 0）中的数值加到 al 中
add al,[1]     # 将数据段第二个单元（偏移地址为 1）中的数值加到 al 中
add al,[2]     # 将数据段第三个单元（偏移地址为 2）中的数值加到 al 中
</code></pre><p>  累加数据段中的前 3 个字型数据</p><pre><code class=language-x86asm>mov ax,123BH
mov ds,ax     # 将 123BH 送入 ds 中，作为数据段的段地址。
mov ax,0     # 用 ax 存放累加结果
add ax,[0]     # 将数据段第一个字（偏移地址为0）加到 ax 中
add ax,[2]     # 将数据段第二个字（偏移地址为2）加到 ax 中
add ax,[4]     # 将数据段第三个字（偏移地址为4）加到 ax 中
</code></pre><blockquote><p>一个字型数据占两个单元，所以偏移地址是 0、2、4。</p></blockquote><h3 id=小结>小结</h3><ol><li>字在内存中存储时，要用两个地址连续的内存单元来存放，字的低位字节存放在低地址单元中，高位字节存放在高地址单元中。</li><li>用 mov 指令要访问内存单元，可以在 mov 指令中只给出单元的偏移地址，此时，段地址默认在 DS 寄存器中。</li><li>[address] 表示一个偏移地址为 address 的内存单元。</li><li>在内存和寄存器之间传送字型数据时，高地址单元和高 8 位寄存器、低地址单元和低 8 位寄存器相对应。</li><li>mov、add、sub 是具有两个操作对象的指令。jum 是具有一个操作对象的指令。</li><li>可以根据自己的推测，在 Debug 中实验指令的新格式。</li></ol></article><div class=my-4><a href=https://b.hui.ke/tags/%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8/ class="inline-block bg-tertiary-bg text-sm rounded px-3 py-1 my-1 me-2 hover:text-eureka">#寄存器</a>
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hidden px-6 pb-6 lg:block"><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#第三章-寄存器内存访问>第三章 寄存器（内存访问）</a><ul><li><a href=#31-内存中字的存储>3.1 内存中字的存储</a></li><li><a href=#32-ds-和-address>3.2 DS 和 address</a></li><li><a href=#33-字的传送>3.3 字的传送</a></li><li><a href=#34-movaddsub-指令>3.4 mov、add、sub 指令</a></li><li><a href=#35-数据段>3.5 数据段</a></li><li><a href=#小结>小结</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><script>window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{enableStickyToc()})</script></div></div></div></div></div><script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{hljs.highlightAll(),changeSidebarHeight(),switchDocToc()})</script></div></div></main><footer class=pl-scrollbar><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-screen-xl"><div class="text-center p-6 pin-b"><script async src=/js/click.js></script><div id=poem_ip></div><script type=text/javascript>jinrishici.load(function(e){tags.innerHTML=e.data.matchTags})</script><div><span id=timeDate>载入年天数...</span><span id=times>载入时分秒...</span>
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